Table 2

Examples of recent environmental and health problems with toxic cyanobacteria

Toxin/Organism
Problem
Reference

Microcystins (organism unknown)
Associated with deaths of Eared Grebes-Salton Sea, Calif.
[28]
Anatoxin-a(s) (Anabaena sp)
Death of Crested Grebe, Black-necked Grebe, Coot, domestic ducks and geese Denmark and USA
[29]
[30]
Microcystin (organism unknown)
Net-Pen liver disease of Mari-cultured Atlantic Salmon: British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA
[14]
Carmichael (unpubl. data)
Microcystin (organism unknown)
Intestinal lesions of mari-cultured penniped shrimp: Hawaii, USA and Columbia, South America
Carmichael (unpublished)
Microcystin (organism unknown)
Acute lethal liver disease of aqua-cultured stripped bass: California, USA
Carmichael (unpublished)
Microcystin (organism unknown)
Acute lethal liver disease of aqua-cultured pond-raised catfish: Mississippi USA
[31]
Microcystins (Microcystis aeruginosa)
Acute non-lethal toxicity in natural populations of trout and carp: England and Australia.
[32]
[33]
Microcystins
At least 52 human fatalities from use of contaminated municipal water in a hemodialysis clinic: Pernambuco, Brazil
[6]
[34]
Microcystins
Great Blue Heron mortalities
[12]

Carmichael and Li Saline Systems 2006 2:5   doi:10.1186/1746-1448-2-5